Thursday, December 20, 2012

Explicit Phonics ar Lesson






 
Explicit Phonics Lesson
 R-controlled vowel: -ar
Day 1

Objective: Sound and blend words using the ar  spelling as r-controlled.
Review
       “You know that there are two kinds of letters: consonants and vowels. You also know that every word or syllable must have a vowel. What are the names of the letters that we call vowels?” a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y “What are the short sounds of these vowels?” Ask for them one at a time reviewing the key words and hand signals as well as the short sounds.
          “A couple of weeks ago we studied a letter that was bossy when he had to come after a vowel. Who remembers the bossy letter?” Use the Bossy R illustration from Project Read materials. “The name of that bossy letter is R. R is not always bossy. If it comes in front of a vowel, it doesn’t get upset at all. It leaves the vowel that comes after it alone. But if R has to follow after a vowel, it gets upset and gets bossy. The vowel we are going to work with today is a, but R can boss the other vowels as well. What other vowel have we studied that was bossed by the R?” o as the or in for.
“When R follows a in a word, the R controls the a and makes the ar spelling say /ar/ as in the word card. The picture that we will be using to remember the ar sound is a picture of a star. Ar says /ar/ as in the end of the word star. Say that with me.” Students respond. “Some other words with the /ar/ sound are: art, part, hard, and arm.” Write the words on the board or use flash cards with the words. The ar should be written in red to establish the spelling pattern that the students are to look for.

“What do we call r when it follows a vowel?” Bossy
“What does the r make the o say when r comes after it?” /ôr/ as in for
“What does the r make the a say when r comes after it?” /ar/ as in star
“Does the letter r get bossy when it has to follow other vowels?” yes
“When does r become a bossy letter?” When it has to follow a vowel in a word.
“What is the sound of ar?” /ar/

PA (oral)
          Listen to these words and see if you can hear the ar sound or not. If you hear the /ar/ sound in the word, I want you to give me a thumbs up. If you don’t hear /ar/ in the word, give me a thumbs down. So if I say far, /f/ /ar/, you would give me a thumbs up because the ar sound is in the word far. If I say rat, /r/ /ă/ /t/, you would give me a thumbs down because you do not hear ar in the word rat.

army            sharp           dart             scar             sort             smart
rate             cart             trap             party           porch           barn

Decoding
          Use the decoding procedure as in previous lessons. Take time to talk about the meanings of any words that might be unknown.

dart             harm            tar              yarn            
shark           mark            card             chart
star             part             barn            park  

Some clues might be:
1.  black, gooey substance used on roads                  tar                                 
2. antonym  for all                                                  part
3. a place to have a picnic                                       park
4. a shelter for farm animals                                   barn
5. a dangerous water animal                                    shark
6. our sun is one of these                                        star
7. a sharp pointed object thrown at a target           dart  
8. synonym for hurt or injure                                  harm
9. used to knit a sweater                                         yarn
10. like paper but thicker and stiff                         card
11. a large piece of paper with information               chart

          When there is only one word left (mark), have the buddies read the last word. Each buddy then uses the word in a sentence.

Decodable Text
          Practice reading words in text using the decoding practice page.

Day 2
Review
“What is the short sound of the letter a?”   /ă/
“What letter bosses the vowels around?” R
“The letter R is not always bossy. When is it not bossy?” When it comes before the vowel.
“When is it bossy?” When it has to follow the vowel.  
“When R comes after o, what sound do they make?” /ôr/
“When R comes after a, what sound do they make?” /ar/
“What picture helps us remember that sound?” The star

PA (oral)
          “I am going to say some words with the ar sound. I want you to tell me if the sound is at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the word. If I say yard, you would tell me the ar is in the middle of the word. If I say art, you would tell me the ar is at the beginning of the word. Be sure your Buddy agrees with you before you raise your hand to give me your answer.” (Segment words if needed.) “Where is the ar sound in the star?” At the end.

guard           arm              far              charge         jar               spark
artist          bar              ark              large            smart          scar

Decoding
          Use the same procedure that was used on Day 1.
          smart          harp            start           spark
          scar             hard            yard             cart
March          arm              car              darn

1.  synonym for begin                                                 start
2.  the name of the third month                                March
3.  a mark on your skin where a cut has healed          scar
4.  a musical instrument with strings                         harp
5.  antonym for easy                                                  hard
6.  synonym for automobile                                        car
7.  to fix with a needle and thread                           darn
8.  something that can start a fire                            spark
9.  you have two of these                                           arms
10. synonym for intelligent                                         smart
11.  a vehicle with wheels used to move things             cart

          Have the students read the last word (yard) to their partner. Then each makes up a sentence using the word. Have them go for 7-Up sentences (7 or more words in the sentence.)

Decodable Text
          Use ar phrases to practice phrase reading. The first time through, have them follow as you read. The second time, have them chorally read with you. Then the Buddies can take turns reading to each other.

Day 3
Review
What letter is bossy if it can’t go in front of the vowel in a word? R
What sound does the spelling pattern or make? /ôr/
What sound does the ar spelling pattern make? /ar/
Does R change the vowel sound when it is in front of the vowel? No
Can R change the sound of other vowels? Yes
What is the spelling pattern that makes the /ar/ sound? ar

Encoding: Dictation
Use the dictation procedure. Be sure to make them ask, “Which spelling?”

1.   /ôr / or      /ch/ ch    /th/ th   /ar/  ar     /k/ -ck
2.  barn        farm       tar
3.  part        dart        sharp
4.  apartment        starting
    A barn is part of the farm.

Decodable Text:
       Practice reading the ar  phrases as it was done on Day 2.

Day 4
Review: Have the class decode 6 to 8 /k/ words on the board or on flashcards.

Word Building or Word Chaining
          Use as much as you feel is appropriate.
art                        barn                      shark
cart                      yarn                      sharp
part                      yard                      harp
mart                      card                      tarp
smart                    hard                      tart
start                     harm                      dart
tart                       arm                       dark
tar                        farm                      bark
star                                                   lark

Decodable Text
          Use the ar sentences to practice reading short ă words in context. Follow the format of the phrase reading.

Day 5

Review
What is the letter that is sometimes bossy? R
The letter R is not always bossy. When is it not bossy? When it comes before     the vowel.
When is it bossy? When it has to follow the vowel.  
When rcomes after a, what sound do the two letters make? /ar/

Encoding/Dictation
1.       /ar/ ar     /ôr/ or      / ĭ/ ĭ      /k/ ck    /ŏ / o
2.       arm        harm        farm
3.      ark         art          smart
4.      ballpark        charming
         Bart will do no harm  at the farm.
          (Bart is smart and charming.)

Decodable Text:  Use ar sentences to practice re-reading with a buddy.

Decoding Practice

  yarn   barn   ark    part    chart    

  star   start  park   shark  farm

on the farm             
the big barn
to the park               
the last part

1.         What part was the best?

2.       The chart was on the stand.

3.       This dark mark is not art.

4.     Don’t harm the shark.

5.   The farm yard had a barn.

6.   They play cards at the park.

ar Phrases

1.         a ball of yarn

2.       his backyard

3.       in the barn

4.       on the farm

5.       a barking dog

6.       report card

7.       a jar of jam

8.       the hard part

9.        arm in arm

10.   from the start

11.     the sharp fork

12.  lots of charm

13.  parking the car


ar Sentences

1.         Put that part on the cart.
2.       Karl did the hard part.
3.       She plays the harp at the start.
4.       The ark was a barnyard on a ship.
5.       After dark we can see the stars.
6.        Mark cut his arm at the park.
7.       We got back from the farm at dark.
8.       A lark sang a song in the yard.
9.       How hard is it to toss a dart?
10.  He is smart to start with this part.
11.    We had a ball of red yarn in art.
12.  They play cards at the park.
13.  The animals walk into the barn.
14.  The animals walk into the barn.
15.  Do not harm my arm with a spark.
16.  The band will march to the park.
17.  The hard part was just to start.
18.  The pals walk arm in arm.
19.  There are six stars on his chart.
20.  At the start Mark had the best part.
21. Parking the car was hard for Dad.

Merry Christmas and a Blessed New Year to all!